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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Genetic Associations with Aging Muscle: A Systematic Review.

Jedd Pratt1,2, Colin Boreham1, Sean Ennis2,3

  • 1Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Cells
|December 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic factors influence age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). This review identified key gene variants, including ACTN3, ACE, and VDR, associated with muscle phenotypes, aiding understanding of sarcopenia

Keywords:
aginggenetic variationgenotypemuscle phenotypessarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gerontology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle, is linked to adverse health outcomes.
  • Skeletal muscle traits are heritable, but specific genetic underpinnings remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review genetic variants associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia.
  • To identify key genes and DNA polymorphisms linked to age-related muscle loss.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (2004-2019).
  • Inclusion of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies in adults aged ≥50 years.
  • Analysis of 54 studies, examining 26 genes and 88 DNA polymorphisms.

Main Results:

  • ACTN3, ACE, and VDR were frequently studied genes.
  • IGF1/IGFBP3, TNFα, APOE, CNTF/R, and UCP2/3 genes showed significant associations in multiple studies.
  • Ten specific DNA polymorphisms were significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies.

Conclusions:

  • This review identifies significant genetic variants associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia.
  • Understanding these genetic associations contributes to elucidating the genetic basis of sarcopenia.