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Related Concept Videos

Power and Energy01:12

Power and Energy

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The power and energy delivered to an element are subjects of great significance in the field of electrical engineering. It is a well-known fact that a 100-watt light bulb emits more light than a 60-watt one. Therefore, power and energy calculations play a crucial role in the analysis of electrical circuits.
Power, defined as the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, is quantified in units called watts (W). The relation between power and energy is mathematically given as
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Light as Energy01:35

Light as Energy

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The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit...
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Energy00:58

Energy

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun—the ultimate energy source. For instance, plants capture light energy from the Sun, and through the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or...
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Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Energy Line and Hydraulic Gradient Line01:27

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Based on Bernoulli's equation, the energy line (EL) and hydraulic grade line (HGL) provide graphical representations of energy distribution in a fluid flow system. For steady, incompressible, inviscid flows, Bernoulli's equation is expressed as:
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Energy Diagrams - II01:10

Energy Diagrams - II

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Energy diagrams are important to understand the dynamics of a system. The topology of an energy diagram helps illustrate the equilibrium points of the system.
The point in the energy diagram at which the system’s potential energy is the lowest is known as the local minima. The system tends to stay in this position indefinitely unless acted upon by a net force. The slope of the potential energy diagram at the local minima is zero, indicating that zero net force is acting on the system. The...
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Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode
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How 'Blue' Is 'Green' Energy?

Andrew J Wright1, Claryana Araújo-Wang2, John Y Wang3

  • 1Fisheries and Oceans Canada Maritimes Region, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|December 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Marine renewable energy devices (MREDs) can mitigate climate change but pose overlooked underwater ecological risks. Rigorous assessments are crucial due to varying species sensitivities and cumulative impacts.

Keywords:
Sousa chinensis taiwanensisTaiwanese white dolphinecological impactsmarine renewable energy devicesoffshore wind farmtidal turbines

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Renewable energy
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Renewable energy technologies are often perceived as environmentally benign.
  • Ecological costs of marine renewable energy devices (MREDs) below the waterline are frequently overlooked.
  • Impacts on freshwater and marine organisms from hydropower are briefly discussed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impacts of MREDs on underwater marine organisms.
  • To focus on offshore wind farms and marine energy converters (e.g., tidal turbines).
  • To consider cumulative impacts and synergistic interactions with other anthropogenic pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on MREDs and marine organisms.
  • Case study analysis using offshore wind farms and the Taiwanese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis taiwanensis).
  • Examination of ecological consequences and species sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • MREDs, including offshore wind farms and tidal turbines, have significant underwater ecological impacts.
  • Cumulative impacts and interactions with other anthropogenic pressures exacerbate MRED effects.
  • Species and ecosystem sensitivity to MREDs varies considerably.

Conclusions:

  • While MREDs contribute to climate change mitigation, their ecological consequences require thorough evaluation.
  • Case-by-case assessments are essential to understand the full impact of MRED deployment.
  • Balancing renewable energy goals with marine ecosystem protection is critical.