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In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Integrating Remote Sensing with Species Distribution Models; Mapping Tamarisk Invasions Using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling SAHM
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Model systems to elucidate minimum requirements for protected areas networks.

Yolanda F Wiersma1, R Troy McMullin2, Darren J H Sleep3

  • 1Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada. ywiersma@mun.ca.

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Determining optimal land protection requires understanding species representation. This study found minimum conservation needs for lichen species were consistent across trees, with variation linked to biodiversity patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • Landscape Ecology
  • Biodiversity Research

Background:

  • Conservation planning often relies on simulation models like Marxan, which can be sensitive to scale and target specifics.
  • Empirical testing is needed to validate conservation requirements across different landscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test if minimum conservation requirements for species representation are consistent across replicate landscapes.
  • To investigate if biodiversity patterns influence these minimum conservation requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel, scalable model system of replicated microcosms (tree trunks) for landscape ecology.
  • Assessed minimum conservation planning units needed to represent all lichen species at least once across multiple trees.

Main Results:

  • Minimum representation requirements for lichen species were remarkably consistent across 24 balsam fir trees and 21 additional trees.
  • Variation in the number of required planning units positively correlated with gamma diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Model landscapes are effective for assessing consistency of conservation requirements and identifying influencing factors.
  • Results suggest scientifically-defensible conservation designs can be developed by considering factors like life history and dispersal strategies.