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Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Brain aging and psychometric intelligence: a longitudinal study.

L Jäncke1,2,3, S Sele4,5, F Liem5

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland. lutz.jaencke@uzh.ch.

Brain Structure & Function
|December 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy older adults experience brain structure changes over 4 years, including grey matter and white matter decline. Cognitive abilities like IQ remained stable, suggesting age-related brain changes don't always impact intelligence.

Keywords:
Brain agingChange–change-associationLevel–change-associationLevel–level-associationLongitudinal studyPsychometric intelligence

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with structural brain changes and potential cognitive decline.
  • Understanding the relationship between brain anatomy and intelligence in older adults is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in brain anatomy and their association with cognitive function in healthy older adults.
  • To examine the relationship between brain structure (grey matter, white matter, ventricles, white matter lesions) and psychometric intelligence over four years.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 231 healthy older adults over 4 years with 4 measurement points.
  • Utilized latent growth curve models to analyze brain anatomical measures (grey matter, normal-appearing white matter, lateral ventricles, white matter hypointensities) and intelligence (verbal, non-verbal).

Main Results:

  • Significant decreases in grey matter (GM) and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) were observed annually.
  • Increases in white matter hypointensities (WMH) and lateral ventricle (LV) volumes were noted annually.
  • Verbal and non-verbal IQ scores remained stable; positive associations between baseline GM/NAWM and IQ were found, but no significant longitudinal associations between brain changes and IQ changes.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy older adults show age-related neuroanatomical decline over 4 years.
  • Despite structural brain changes, cognitive functions like IQ remained stable in this cohort.
  • Neuroanatomical decline does not necessarily correlate with simultaneous cognitive deterioration in healthy aging.