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The MASTiFF panel-a versatile multiple-allele SNP test for forensics.

C Phillips1, L Manzo2, M de la Puente2

  • 1Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. c.phillips@mac.com.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
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Summary

Forensic scientists developed MASTiFF, a novel multiple-allele SNP test, to improve degraded DNA analysis and mixture detection. This advanced tool enhances discrimination power and mixture detection capabilities over traditional binary SNPs.

Keywords:
Mixed DNAMultiple-allele SNPsSNaPshotSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Binary single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are used for degraded DNA typing due to short fragment lengths.
  • Binary SNPs have limitations in discrimination power and detecting mixed DNA profiles with capillary electrophoresis systems like SNaPshot™.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact set of multiple-allele SNPs to overcome the limitations of binary SNPs.
  • To improve polymorphism levels per SNP and enhance the detection of mixed DNA samples.

Main Methods:

  • Development and optimization of a SNaPshot-based forensic test using 27 tri-allelic and 2 tetra-allelic SNPs.
  • Assessment of the MASTiFF panel's discrimination power across five major population groups.
  • Evaluation of the test's ability to detect simple DNA mixtures.

Main Results:

  • The MASTiFF panel demonstrated high discrimination power with random match probabilities ranging from 10^-15 to 10^-20.
  • The SNaPshot test successfully detected simple mixtures, with over two alleles observed in 30% of SNPs.
  • It is estimated that 99.8% of two-person mixtures will show more than two alleles in at least one MASTiFF SNP.

Conclusions:

  • The MASTiFF panel significantly improves upon binary SNPs for forensic identification, especially for degraded DNA.
  • This multiple-allele SNP test offers enhanced mixture detection capabilities, crucial for complex forensic samples.
  • MASTiFF is an ideal supplementary tool for forensic analyses involving degraded DNA and potential mixtures.