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Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

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Imaging findings in hypophysitis: a review.

Ferdinando Caranci¹, Giuseppe Leone², Andrea Ponsiglione³

¹Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy. ferdinando.caranci@unimol.it.

La Radiologia Medica

|December 22, 2019

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This summary is machine-generated.

Hypophysitis (HP) is a rare pituitary gland inflammation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aids diagnosis by revealing characteristic gland changes and aiding differential diagnosis from other sellar masses.

Area of Science:

Neuroradiology
Endocrinology
Pathology

Background:

Hypophysitis (HP) is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the pituitary gland, presenting diagnostic challenges.
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for predicting patient outcomes and avoiding unnecessary interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neuroradiological findings in hypophysitis.
To provide information on differential diagnoses to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate surgery.

Main Methods:

Review of neuroradiological findings, primarily focusing on gadolinium-enhanced pituitary MRI.
Discussion of differential diagnoses for sellar masses.

Main Results:

Suggestive MRI findings include an enlarged, triangular/dumbbell-shaped pituitary gland, thickened stalk, and absent posterior pituitary bright spot.

Keywords:

Adenohypophysitis Diabetes insipidus Granulomatous hypophysitis Hypophysitis Hypopituitarism Infundibuloneurohypophysitis Lymphocytic hypophysitis Panhypophysitis Pituitary adenoma Pituitary diseases Pituitary gland Sella turcica Xanthomatous hypophysitis

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Variable contrast enhancement patterns and potential dural enhancement are noted.

HP must be differentiated from pituitary adenomas, metastases, and various other sellar/parasellar tumors.

Conclusions:

Gadolinium-enhanced pituitary MRI is key for diagnosing hypophysitis.
Recognizing specific MRI features and understanding differential diagnoses are essential for neuroradiologists.
Close collaboration with endocrinologists and neurosurgeons is vital for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.