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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Pd-Iminocarboxylate Complexes and Their Behavior in Ethylene Polymerization.

Satej S Deshmukh1, Shahaji R Gaikwad1, Rajesh G Gonnade2

  • 1Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|December 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New palladium complexes act as single-component catalysts for ethylene polymerization, producing low-molecular-weight polyethylene without co-catalysts. These catalysts show potential for controlled polymer synthesis.

Keywords:
ImineImine-carboxylateInsertion polymerizationPd complexesPolyethylene

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Designing co-catalyst-free late transition metal complexes for ethylene polymerization is challenging.
  • Single-component catalysts simplify polymerization processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, co-catalyst-free, single-component palladium catalysts for ethylene polymerization.
  • To synthesize and characterize new iminocarboxylate ligands and their corresponding palladium complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four iminocarboxylate ligands (L1-L4) from anthranilic acid and aldehydes.
  • Preparation and characterization of palladium complexes (C1-C4) using NMR, MS, and X-ray diffraction.
  • Evaluation of catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized four iminocarboxylate ligands and their palladium complexes.
  • Confirmed the structure of ligands and complexes via spectroscopic and crystallographic methods.
  • Observed the formation of low-molecular-weight polyethylene using these palladium complexes as single-component catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • The developed palladium-iminocarboxylate complexes function as effective co-catalyst-free single-component catalysts for ethylene polymerization.
  • These systems offer a promising route for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight polyethylene.
  • Further research can explore tuning the ligands and reaction conditions for tailored polymer properties.