Uptake, depuration, bioaccumulation, and selective enrichment of dechlorane plus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Dechlorane plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardant with high production volume (HPV) and is widely used in our daily necessities. In the present study, a laboratory-scale microcosm was built up to simulate the uptake, depuration, bioaccumulation, and stereoselective enrichment of DP in a lower concentration and equilibration condition. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used for 32 days exposure and 32 days depuration. The concentration ratios of syn-DP to total DP (f_syn values) in fish examined were lower than that in commercial products. Rate constants of uptake (k_S) and elimination (k_e) for the syn- and anti-DP were calculated using a first-order kinetic model. The uptake rate constants of syn- and anti-DP were 0.63 and 0.89 day^-1, respectively. The depuration rate constants of syn-DP (0.11 day^-1) were similar to anti-DP (0.096 day^-1), suggesting that anti-DP is absorbed faster than syn-DP by common carp. The estimated bioconcentration factors for both syn-DP (5700 L/kg) and anti-DP (9300 L/kg) were higher than the bioconcentration hazard criteria outlined in the Stockholm Convention, suggesting the bioconcentration potential to aquatic organisms for DP.