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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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Association between thyroid nodule size and malignancy rate.

M Jinih1, F Faisal2, K Abdalla1

  • 1Department of Academic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid nodule size does not predict malignancy risk. Cytological classification, not size, is key for assessing thyroid cancer, making routine size-based surgery unjustified.

Keywords:
CancerMalignancyThyroid nodule

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Diagnostic performance of ultrasound-fine needle aspiration (FNA) for thyroid nodules is variable.
  • Identifying malignancy risk in thyroid nodules requires reliable predictors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thyroid nodule size and cytological classification as predictors of malignancy risk.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of FNA in relation to nodule size.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort analysis of 499 patients undergoing thyroid surgery (2004-2015).
  • Analysis of 503 thyroid nodules, correlating size and cytological class with malignancy.
  • Evaluation of FNA sensitivity, specificity, and false negative rates based on nodule size.

Main Results:

  • 19.5% of analyzed thyroid nodules were malignant.
  • Nodule size (less than or equal to 3.0 cm vs. greater than 3.0 cm) did not significantly correlate with malignancy risk (p=0.49).
  • Cytological classification was significantly associated with higher malignancy risk (p<0.01), while FNA sensitivity was 71.4% and specificity 100%.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid nodule size is not a reliable predictor of malignancy, independent of FNA cytology.
  • Routine thyroid lobectomy based solely on nodule size (>= 3.0 cm) is not currently supported by evidence.
  • Cytological assessment remains crucial for determining malignancy risk in thyroid nodules.