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Giant coronary aneurysms, from diagnosis to treatment: A literature review

Vincent Pham1, Quentin de Hemptinne2, Jean-Michel Grinda3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 727, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases
|December 24, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Giant coronary artery aneurysms are rare dilations of the coronary arteries. This review summarizes their definition, causes like atherosclerosis, potential complications, and the need for clarified management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Coronary aneurysms involve arterial dilation exceeding 1.5 times adjacent segments.
  • Giant coronary artery aneurysms (GCAAs) are rare (0.02% incidence) with undefined criteria.
  • Atherosclerosis is the primary cause in adults (50%), with pediatric diseases like Kawasaki disease also implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current knowledge on giant coronary artery aneurysms.
  • To consolidate information on GCAA definition, etiology, complications, and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and case reports on GCAAs.
  • Synthesis of data regarding diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • GCAAs lack a clear definition, though they represent significant arterial dilation.
  • Common etiologies include atherosclerosis in adults and inflammatory conditions in children.
  • Potential complications include thrombosis, embolization, rupture, vasospasm, ischemia, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

Conclusions:

  • Giant coronary artery aneurysms present diagnostic and etiological challenges.
  • Despite often being incidental findings, GCAAs carry significant risks of serious complications.
  • Optimal management strategies for GCAAs require further clarification and research.

Keywords:
Anévrysmes coronairesAnévrysmes coronaires géantsAtherosclerosisAthéroscléroseCoronary aneurysmGiant coronary aneurysmKawasakiKawasaki disease

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