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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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Antiphospholipid syndrome.

Lisa R Sammaritano1

  • 1Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiphospholipid syndrome involves blood clots and pregnancy issues due to antiphospholipid antibodies. Current treatments include anticoagulants, but new therapies are being explored for complex cases.

Keywords:
Anti-β2Glycoprotein I antibodyAnticardiolipin antibodyAntiphospholipid syndromeLupus anticoagulantPregnancy lossThrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Hematology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder.
  • Characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications.
  • Associated with specific antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features of Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
  • To outline current treatment strategies.
  • To highlight areas for future therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging treatment protocols.

Main Results:

  • APS presents with thrombosis (arterial, venous, small vessel) and/or pregnancy morbidity.
  • Diagnosis requires persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, anti-β2Glycoprotein I).
  • Associated symptoms include livedo reticularis, skin ulcers, thrombocytopenia, anemia, heart valve disease, and kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Risk in APS is influenced by aPL profile and thrombotic risk factors.
  • Standard treatment for thrombosis involves vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin).
  • Obstetric complications are managed with aspirin and heparin; novel therapies are under investigation for treatment failures.