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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Craniosynostosis and oculomotor disorders.

F Dalmas1, G Pech-Gourg2, A Gallucci3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Marseille University Hospital, Marseille, 13015 France.

Neuro-Chirurgie
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Craniosynostosis, particularly anterior plagiocephaly, often causes specific oculomotor disorders due to orbital or muscle malformations. Early craniofacial surgery is crucial for ophthalmological patient care, preventing vision loss from amblyopia.

Keywords:
Craniofacial surgeryCraniosynostosisOculomotor disorderStrabismus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis, a condition of premature skull fusion, can lead to significant ocular and oculomotor pathologies.
  • Anterior plagiocephaly, a type of simple craniosynostosis, is frequently associated with oculomotor disorders.
  • These disorders are often linked to orbital deformities or malformations of the oculomotor muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the specific oculomotor disorders associated with craniosynostosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early surgical intervention in managing these conditions.
  • To underscore the impact on ophthalmological patient care and the risk of amblyopia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases and literature concerning craniosynostosis and associated oculomotor abnormalities.
  • Analysis of the relationship between specific types of craniosynostosis and the manifestation of oculomotor disorders.
  • Evaluation of the outcomes of early craniofacial surgery on oculomotor function.

Main Results:

  • Oculomotor disorders in craniosynostosis are distinct and can stem from orbital or muscle abnormalities.
  • Anterior plagiocephaly shows a high prevalence of associated oculomotor issues.
  • Early craniofacial surgery effectively reduces the incidence and severity of these disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Craniosynostosis necessitates careful ophthalmological evaluation due to potential oculomotor complications.
  • Prompt surgical correction of craniosynostosis is vital for preventing long-term visual impairment, including amblyopia.
  • Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgery, craniofacial surgery, and ophthalmology.