Development and Evaluation of the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Social Psychology

Background:

• Chronic time pressure, characterized by time shortage and feelings of being rushed, significantly impacts modern life.
• Existing self-report measures for chronic time pressure are lacking.
• Theoretical conceptualizations of chronic time pressure require empirical validation through psychometrically sound instruments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory (CTPI), a novel self-report measure.
• To assess the psychometric properties, including factorial structure, reliability, and validity, of the CTPI.
• To provide a reliable instrument for research on the pervasive effects of chronic time pressure.

Main Methods:

• Item generation based on established theory.
• Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA & CFA) on a sample of 401 respondents (Study 1).
• Replication in an independent sample (n=163) with measurement invariance testing (Study 2).
• Reliability (omega, alpha) and convergent validity assessments using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10).

Main Results:

• A bifactor solution emerged, comprising a general factor and two specific temporal factors: Feeling Harried and Cognitive Awareness of Time Shortage.
• Measurement invariance was confirmed across both studies.
• The CTPI demonstrated good internal reliability and satisfactory convergent validity with the PSS-10.

Conclusions:

• The Chronic Time Pressure Inventory (CTPI) is a psychometrically sound and theoretically aligned measure.
• Findings support Szollos' (2009) conceptualization of chronic time pressure.
• The CTPI is a promising instrument for future survey-based research into chronic time pressure.