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Verbal auditory hallucinations: mind, self, and society.

E L Linn

    The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Schizophrenia patients often hear multiple, unrecognized, and accusatory voices. These verbal auditory hallucinations may stem from societal disparagement linked to low socioeconomic status and achievement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Social Psychology

    Background:

    • Verbal auditory hallucinations (VAHs) are a core symptom of schizophrenia.
    • These hallucinations are often experienced as external, uncontrollable, and anonymous.
    • Previous research suggests a link between VAHs and social experiences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the characteristics of VAHs in schizophrenia patients.
    • To explore the relationship between VAHs and patients' socioeconomic status and societal perceptions.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative analysis of patient-reported VAH characteristics.
    • Correlation of hallucination content with socioeconomic factors.

    Main Results:

    • VAHs are typically perceived as multiple, anonymous voices, often in the second or third person.
    • Hallucinations are predominantly disparaging and accusatory.
    • A strong association exists between VAHs and the patient's sense of societal disparagement due to low socioeconomic status.

    Conclusions:

    • The characteristics of VAHs in schizophrenia reflect a generalization of social experiences and societal self-evaluation.
    • Disparaging and accusatory VAHs may be linked to the social stigma associated with low socioeconomic status and achievement in schizophrenia patients.

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