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Variational Thermal Quantum Simulation via Thermofield Double States.

Jingxiang Wu1,2, Timothy H Hsieh1

  • 1Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce a quantum simulation method to create thermal states using thermofield double (TFD) states. This efficient approach allows near-term quantum computers to explore finite temperature physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Simulation
  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Accurately simulating quantum systems at finite temperatures is crucial for understanding diverse physical phenomena.
  • Preparing thermal (Gibbs) states on quantum computers remains a significant challenge.
  • Existing methods often lack efficiency or scalability for near-term quantum devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a variational quantum algorithm for preparing finite temperature Gibbs states.
  • To leverage thermofield double (TFD) states for efficient thermal state preparation.
  • To demonstrate the protocol's applicability and efficiency on quantum simulators.

Main Methods:

  • A variational approach inspired by the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA).
  • Alternating time evolution under the system's Hamiltonian and an entangling interaction with an auxiliary system.
  • Preparation of thermofield double (TFD) states to represent thermal ensembles.

Main Results:

  • Perfect fidelity preparation of thermal states for the 1D classical Ising model.
  • Efficient preparation of thermofield double states for free fermion systems.
  • Demonstration of a protocol suitable for near-term quantum platforms.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed variational method offers a simple and efficient route to finite temperature quantum simulation.
  • Thermofield double state preparation is a viable strategy for accessing thermal phenomena on current quantum hardware.
  • This work paves the way for exploring complex many-body physics at non-zero temperatures.