Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.3K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.3K
Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution

1.8K
The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
1.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.2K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.2K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

507
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
507
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.4K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.4K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

31.1K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
31.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Configurational temperature of multispecies dusty plasmas.

Physical review. E·2021
Same author

From transport to disorder: thermodynamic properties of finite dust clouds.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2013
Same author

Instantaneous normal mode analysis of melting of finite dust clusters.

Physical review letters·2012
Same author

Melting scenarios for three-dimensional dusty plasma clusters.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2011
Same author

Dust Coulomb balls: three-dimensional plasma crystals.

Physical review letters·2004

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

13.0K

Entropy Measurement in Strongly Coupled Complex Plasmas.

Frank Wieben1, Dietmar Block1

  • 1IEAP, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers measured entropy changes in a two-dimensional plasma crystal. Results confirm basic thermodynamic principles, like the Dulong-Petit law, apply to finite dusty plasma systems.

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Understanding thermodynamic principles in complex systems is crucial.
  • Dusty plasmas offer a unique experimental platform for studying fundamental physics.
  • Previous studies have explored thermodynamics in various plasma conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure the change in entropy for systems transferred between different temperatures.
  • To investigate the applicability of fundamental thermodynamic laws in finite-sized dusty plasmas.
  • To validate theoretical predictions using experimental data from plasma crystal experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Confinement of one- and two-component dust clusters within a plasma sheath.
  • Controlled heating of dust clusters to distinct temperatures using laser manipulation.

More Related Videos

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
08:10

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas

Published on: May 25, 2021

5.2K
Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

13.0K
Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
08:10

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas

Published on: May 25, 2021

5.2K
Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.2K
  • Measurement of entropy changes derived from phase space analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Phase space analysis yielded consistent entropy measurements.
    • Calculated heat capacity showed excellent agreement with the established Dulong-Petit law.
    • Experimental findings support the validity of thermodynamic principles in these systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Basic thermodynamic principles are applicable to finite-size complex (dusty) plasmas.
    • The study validates the use of entropy measurements in dusty plasma systems.
    • Results contribute to a deeper understanding of thermodynamics in non-ideal systems.