Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
Published on: July 29, 2020
Skipping breakfast is associated with glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes
Yoshitaka Hashimoto1, Ayumi Kaji1, Ryosuke Sakai1
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Objectives:
The association between skipping breakfast and glycemic parameters, including glycemic variability, in patients with type 2 diabetes is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of skipping breakfast on glycemic parameters, including glycemic variability, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed lifestyle factors, including skipping breakfast, using a questionnaire method. We calculated the average, SD, and coefficient of variation (CV) of hemoglobin (Hb)A1c levels. The CV of HbA1c was defined as follows: CV = (SD / average HbA1c) × 100 (%).
Results:
Among 317 patients, 22 (6.9%) skipped breakfast. Patients who did not eat breakfast were younger (58 [14.5] versus 67.4 [10.1] y, P < 0.001) than those who did. The proportion of current smokers among patients skipping breakfast was higher than the proportion of smokers among patients who did not (40.9 versus 11.5%, P < 0.001). Average (7.7 [1.3] versus 7.1 [0.8]%, P = 0.003), SD (0.32 [0.17-0.85] versus 0.21 [0.14-0.35], P = 0.024) and CV (0.04 [0.03-0.10] versus 0.03 [0.02-0.05], P = 0.028) of HbA1c level were higher among patients who skipped breakfast than among those who did not. Multiple regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast was associated with average HbA1c (β = 0.527, P = 0.006) and CV of HbA1c (β = 0.026, P = 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, exercise, smoking, amount of alcohol consumption, total energy intake, carbohydrate intake, and medications for diabetes.
Conclusions:
Skipping breakfast is independently associated with poor glycemic control, including glycemic variability, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
More Related Videos
07:22Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
Published on: March 7, 2025
08:06Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
Published on: November 27, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...