Morphologic Restoration After Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Sigmoid-type Achalasia

Achalasia is a chronic, progressive motility disorder of the esophagus. The sigmoid-type achalasia is an advanced stage of achalasia characterized by severe dilatation and tortuous angulation of the esophageal body. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been reported to provide excellent clinical outcomes for achalasia, including the sigmoid type, but the restoration of esophageal morphology and function remain poorly described. The aim of our study is to investigate esophageal restoration after POEM for sigmoid-type achalasia.

From 98 patients with achalasia who underwent POEM in the Yonsei University Health System from 2013 to 2018, we recruited 13 patients with sigmoid-type achalasia (7 male; mean age 53.3 years) and assessed morphological and manometric changes in the esophagus.

Clinical success (Eckardt score < 3) was achieved in all cases. After POEM, the average angle of esophageal tortuosity became more obtuse (91.5° vs 114.6°, P = 0.046), esophageal body diameter decreased (67.6 vs 49.8 mm, P = 0.002), and esophagogastric junction opening widened (6.4 vs 9.5 mm, P = 0.048). Patients whose esophageal tortuosity did not improve had longer durations of symptoms than patients with improvement (80.2 vs 636 months, P < 0.001). An absence of peristalsis was observed in all patients pre- and post-POEM.

POEM resulted in excellent clinical outcomes and morphologic improvement in sigmoid-type achalasia. These results suggest that the improvement of esophageal tortuosity through POEM reflects a reduced esophageal burden.