Cervical neural foramina: correlative anatomic and MR imaging study

Accurate diagnosis of diseases affecting the cervical neural foramina with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging requires an appreciation of the normal anatomic appearance of the foramen. The MR appearance of the foramen was studied in cadavers and healthy volunteers and was correlated with cadaver cryomicrotome sections. With gradient-echo techniques, foraminal soft tissues are highlighted relative to adjacent bone, making gradient-echo images valuable for evaluating the overall size and contents of the neural foramina. Intravenously administered gadolinium DTPA produces enhancement of all foraminal soft tissues, including the dorsal root ganglion. The nerve roots do not enhance with Gd-DTPA. Gradient-echo pulse sequences and intravenous use of Gd-DTPA represent promising techniques for the evaluation of the cervical foramina.