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Asymmetry in interdependence makes a multilayer system more robust against cascading failures.

Run-Ran Liu1, Chun-Xiao Jia1, Ying-Cheng Lai2,3

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Asymmetric interdependence in multilayer networks significantly impacts system robustness. This study reveals a phase transition switch from first to second order due to asymmetry, offering insights into network resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Complex systems science
  • Network science
  • Statistical physics

Background:

  • Multilayer networked systems are prevalent in nature and engineering.
  • Robustness against failures in these systems is critical.
  • Existing theories often assume symmetric interdependence, which is unrealistic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of asymmetric interdependence on the robustness of multilayer networks.
  • To quantify how asymmetry affects cascading failures.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms driving network resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Focusing on percolation dynamics in double-layer systems.
  • Implementing a failure mechanism sensitive to interdependent node positions.
  • Developing a theoretical framework to calculate transition points.

Main Results:

  • The degree of asymmetry dictates percolation transition characteristics.
  • A switch in the phase transition order (first to second) is observed.
  • Theoretical predictions are validated by numerical simulations on synthetic and empirical networks.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric interdependence fundamentally alters multilayer network robustness.
  • The findings provide a basis for designing resilient multilayer systems.
  • Understanding asymmetry is key to predicting and controlling cascading failures.