Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.5K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.5K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

7.9K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.9K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

8.3K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
8.3K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

14.5K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
14.5K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

4.0K
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seeing in the Future - a Perspective on Combining Light with Chemical Biology Approaches to Treat Retinal Pathologies.

ChemMedChem·2025
Same author

<i>In Vivo</i> Optogenetic Manipulation of Transgene Expression in Retinal Neurovasculature.

JACS Au·2024
Same author

Towards a Light-mediated Gene Therapy for the Eye using Caged Ethinylestradiol and the Inducible Cre/lox System.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023
Same author

<i>In Vivo</i> Optical Interrogation of Neuronal Responses to Genetic, Cell Type-Specific Silencing.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2023
Same author

Single-dose ethanol intoxication causes acute and lasting neuronal changes in the brain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins RNPs on Human pre-mRNA
13:00

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins RNPs on Human pre-mRNA

Published on: December 2, 2009

12.2K

Hypothesis: protein and RNA attributes are continuously optimized over time.

Sidney B Cambridge1

  • 1Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. sidney.cambridge@uni-heidelberg.de.

BMC Genomics
|December 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Gene age influences protein and RNA half-lives and structure. Older genes have more stable products due to evolutionary optimization over billions of years, impacting molecular attributes.

Keywords:
Gene conservationProtein / mRNA stabilityProtein structure

More Related Videos

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
12:26

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

5.6K
Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

5.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins RNPs on Human pre-mRNA
13:00

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins RNPs on Human pre-mRNA

Published on: December 2, 2009

12.2K
Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
12:26

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

5.6K
Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

5.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The determinants of varying protein and RNA half-lives remain largely unknown.
  • Previous research has not established a clear link between molecular half-lives and gene function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gene age and molecular attributes like protein and RNA half-lives.
  • To propose a hypothesis explaining the observed variations in molecular stability and structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein and RNA half-lives in relation to gene age.
  • Examination of protein structure and other molecular attributes affecting protein abundance.
  • Formulation of a hypothesis based on evolutionary optimization and transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM).

Main Results:

  • Protein and RNA half-lives, protein structure, and abundance-related attributes increase significantly with gene age.
  • New genes ('young' genes) exhibit lower half-lives and less structure compared to older genes.
  • Evolutionary optimization over billions of years leads to increased stability and structure in products of ancient genes.

Conclusions:

  • The diversity in molecular attributes reflects genes at different stages of evolutionary optimization.
  • Gene age is a significant factor influencing the stability and structure of gene products.
  • The proposed hypothesis integrates evolutionary processes to explain molecular attribute diversity.