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Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse

Published on: November 17, 2009

Nonhuman primate models of hippocampal development and dysfunction.

Jocelyne Bachevalier^1,2

¹Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|December 25, 2019

Summary

Nonhuman primates show that hippocampal development is gradual, impacting memory and emotional functions. Early hippocampal damage in infancy leads to lasting deficits, highlighting the hippocampus

Keywords:

developmental amnesia recognition memory schizophrenia spatial memory working memory

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Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Primate Models

Background:

Nonhuman primates are crucial models for human behavioral and biological research.
Understanding hippocampal development is key to cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review developmental neuropsychological studies on hippocampal maturation in primates.
To determine the timing of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions' emergence.
To investigate the effects of early hippocampal insult on neuroplasticity and HPA axis function.

Main Methods:

Review of developmental neuropsychological studies in primates.
Analysis of behavioral tasks assessing hippocampal function.
Examination of neuroplasticity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning.

Main Results:

Hippocampal development and cognitive function maturation occur stepwise in primates.
Early hippocampal insult causes memory loss evident later in childhood and adulthood.
Adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity observed, including spared contextual memory but impaired working memory and emotional reactivity.

Conclusions:

Primate studies reveal the gradual emergence of hippocampal-dependent functions and memory impairment timelines.
Early hippocampal insult has significant implications for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Findings inform clinical understanding of hippocampal function and dysfunction in human development.