H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge
Silvia Carnaccini1, Daniel R Perez1
1Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|December 25, 2019
Summary
Avian influenza A virus (IAV) H9N2 poses a significant threat to poultry and human health, with ongoing diversification increasing pandemic potential. This review updates the global situation and knowledge on H9N2 IAVs.
Area of Science:
- * Virology
- * Epidemiology
- * Public Health
Background:
- * Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in poultry populations across Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Africa, causing substantial economic losses.
- * Certain H9N2 virus strains have demonstrated zoonotic potential, causing mild respiratory illness in humans.
- * The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies H9N2 IAVs as a pandemic concern due to their impact on animal and human health.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the current knowledge on H9N2 Influenza A viruses.
- * To provide an updated overview of the global H9N2 IAV situation.
- * To highlight the pandemic potential of H9N2 IAVs, often overlooked compared to H5 and H7 subtypes.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive literature review of scientific publications on H9N2 IAVs.
- * Analysis of epidemiological data and phylogenetic studies.
- * Synthesis of information regarding viral diversification and zoonotic events.
Main Results:
- * H9N2 IAVs are antigenically and phylogenetically diversifying into multiple lineages.
- * These evolving lineages increase the likelihood of emergent strains with pandemic potential.
- * Evidence suggests H9N2 viruses play a significant role in the emergence of future influenza pandemics.
Conclusions:
- * H9N2 IAVs represent a substantial and evolving threat to global public health and the poultry industry.
- * Continued surveillance and research are crucial to monitor H9N2 diversification and pandemic risk.
- * H9N2 viruses warrant increased attention due to their potential to contribute to the next influenza pandemic.
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