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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Published on: July 28, 2013

Diffusion basis spectrum imaging provides insights into MS pathology.

Peng Sun¹, Ajit George¹, Dana C Perantie¹

¹From the Radiology (P.S., A.G., Z.Y., S.-K.S.), Washington University in Saint Louis, MO; Neurology (D.C.P., R.T.N., A.H.C.), Washington University in Saint Louis, MO; and Biostatistics Shared Resource (K.T.), Washington University in Saint Louis, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

|December 25, 2019

Summary

Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) reveals white matter damage in the corpus callosum of people with MS (pwMS), correlating with cognitive and motor impairments. DBSI offers potential for tracking treatment efficacy in CNS repair trials.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neurology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathology, including axonal injury, demyelination, and inflammation, is difficult to differentiate using standard MRI.
Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) shows promise in distinguishing these pathologies in preclinical and tissue studies.
The corpus callosum (CC) is a critical white matter tract affected in MS, impacting interhemispheric communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate how damage in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of the corpus callosum (CC) in people with MS (pwMS) relates to neurological deficits.
To investigate the utility of DBSI in characterizing NAWM abnormalities in the CC of pwMS.

Main Methods:

Fifty-five pwMS and 13 healthy controls underwent DBSI scans of the CC.
Tract-based spatial statistics were employed for accurate data analysis.
DBSI results were correlated with clinical assessments of cognitive and motor function.

Main Results:

PwMS exhibited reduced DBSI fiber fraction and increased nonrestricted isotropic fraction in the NAWM CC, with greater changes in secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
These DBSI metrics correlated with poorer cognitive performance in pwMS.
Increased nonrestricted isotropic fraction in the CC was linked to impaired hand function in the SPMS cohort.

Conclusions:

DBSI fiber fraction and nonrestricted isotropic fraction are sensitive markers of NAWM injury in the CC.
These DBSI measures are indicative of axonal loss, a key pathological feature in MS.
DBSI holds potential as an outcome measure for clinical trials investigating CNS repair therapies in MS.