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Palivizumab Prophylaxis among Infants at Increased Risk of Hospitalization due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus

M Elhalik1, K El-Atawi1, S K Dash1

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Latifa Women & Children Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE.

Canadian Respiratory Journal
|December 25, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Palivizumab prophylaxis significantly reduced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in high-risk infants. High compliance rates were observed, demonstrating the treatment

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalizations globally.
  • RSV infections pose a significant public health burden, particularly during winter months.
  • High-risk infants are especially vulnerable to severe RSV outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis in reducing RSV-related hospitalizations.
  • To assess palivizumab's impact on high-risk pediatric populations.
  • To analyze hospitalization trends over multiple RSV seasons.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, single-arm, hospital-based observational study.
  • Inclusion of premature infants (<35 weeks gestation) with specific risk factors.
  • Data collected over five RSV seasons (2012-2017).

Main Results:

  • 925 high-risk infants were included; 90.9% had high palivizumab compliance.
  • RSV hospitalizations decreased from 9.23% (2012-2013) to 0.67% (2016-2017).
  • Only 2.02% of children tested positive for RSV.

Conclusions:

  • Palivizumab prophylaxis is effective in reducing RSV hospitalizations in high-risk children.
  • High compliance rates support the practical application of this preventive strategy.
  • The findings highlight palivizumab's role in mitigating RSV burden in vulnerable infants.
Abstract

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