Atmospheric coherence time measurement by four-aperture DIMM defocus velocity technique

In this work, we estimate the atmospheric Fried parameter $ {r_0} $r₀, average wind speed $ \bar v $v¯, and subsequently, atmospheric coherence time $ {\tau _0} $τ₀ by experimental measurement via a four-aperture differential image motion monitor (DIMM) instrument at the Iranian National Observatory (INO) site. The experimental approach is based on the four-aperture DIMM defocus velocity theory, which uses the angle-of-arrival fluctuation measurement of starlight propagation through atmospheric turbulence in the form of a four-spot configuration provided by the four-aperture DIMM telescope. Here, we measure the defocus variance $ \sigma _{{C_4}}^2 $σC₄2 and its velocity variance $ \sigma _{\partial {C_4}/\partial t}^2 $σ∂C₄/∂t2 and use the preceding theory to estimate the atmospheric turbulence parameters. We have implemented the data sampling at the INO site at an altitude of 3600 m above sea level with a 12-inch Meade Cassegrain telescope consisting of a four-aperture mask at its entrance pupil and a fast CCD camera recording short-exposure images with frame rates in the range of 480 fps to 620 fps from the Capella star. The experimental recorded data sets are analyzed and the results compared to those of our simulation and other methods and demonstrate good agreement.