Error analysis for lidar retrievals of atmospheric species from absorption spectra

We generalize a model for retrieving atmospheric constituents from lidar absorption spectra measured at any laser frequency channels. Random and systematic retrieval errors from measurement noise and model bias, respectively, are analyzed parametrically and numerically to provide deeper insight. By placing four or more channels symmetrically around the absorption peak, retrieval errors from a common laser frequency shift and spectral baseline tilt can be eliminated. By solving for the frequency shift and spectral baseline tilt, atmospheric retrievals degrade only slightly even when such channels are shifted substantially out of symmetry. An etalon can thus be used for the wavelength stabilization.