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A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals
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Genome-wide profiles indicate wolf population connectivity within the eastern Carpathian Mountains.

H S Ericson1, A Fedorca2,3, I Toderas4

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.

Genetica
|December 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Carpathian wolf populations show weak genetic differentiation across Romania, Moldova, and western Ukraine. Genetic profiles suggest limited connectivity, with potential influences from environmental factors.

Keywords:
Canis lupusGene flowLarge carnivoresPopulation structureSingle nucleotide polymorphismTransboundary conservation

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation genetics
  • Wildlife population dynamics
  • European megafauna research

Background:

  • The Carpathian Mountains are a vital habitat for European wolves (Canis lupus).
  • Previous studies identified western Carpathian wolves as a distinct population.
  • Eastern Carpathian wolves in Romania may experience more continuous habitat connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene flow and population connectivity among wolves in Romania, western Ukraine, and Moldova.
  • To determine if genetic profiles exhibit a north-south gradient or distinct population structures.
  • To assess the genetic distinctiveness of Romanian wolves in relation to neighboring populations.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 48 wolf individuals using 170,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers.
  • Analysis of genetic data from Romania, Moldova, and existing western Ukraine datasets.
  • Application of population structure analyses (maximum likelihood) and principal component analysis (PCA).

Main Results:

  • Population structure analyses suggested K=1 (one population) or K=2 (Romania separate from Ukraine/Moldova).
  • Principal component analysis broadly supported the K=2 model.
  • Weak population differentiation was observed, with a pairwise FST of 0.042 between western Ukraine and Romania.

Conclusions:

  • Wolf populations in the studied Carpathian region exhibit weak genetic differentiation.
  • Limited genetic connectivity was detected, warranting further investigation.
  • Future research should explore the role of environmental factors (terrain, prey distribution) in shaping genetic diversity patterns.