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Do radiological research articles apply the term "pilot study" correctly? Systematic review.

S F Kenis1, O Abeyakoon1, A A O Plumb1

  • 1Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London UCL, 43-45 Foley Street, London, United Kingdom.

Clinical Radiology
|December 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiological "pilot" studies often misrepresent their methodology, frequently being underpowered diagnostic accuracy studies rather than true pilot investigations. Authors and editors should ensure accurate reporting of study designs for scientific credibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Research Methodology

Background:

  • The term "pilot study" is frequently used in radiological research.
  • Accurate use of methodological terms is crucial for scientific integrity and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correct proportion of radiological studies using the term "pilot" accurately.
  • To assess the characteristics and methodological rigor of studies self-identified as "pilot" in radiology.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of studies self-identifying as "pilot" was conducted across four major radiological journals.
  • PRISMA guidelines were followed for study selection and data extraction.
  • A priori criteria were established to define a genuine pilot study.

Main Results:

  • 78 studies describing 5,572 patients were reviewed, with a median sample size of 20.
  • None of the included studies met the criteria for a genuine pilot study.
  • The majority were diagnostic accuracy studies (84.6%), often retrospective (26.9%) and single-center (94.7%).
  • Most studies lacked a sample size rationale (70.5%) and did not present power calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Radiological studies labeled as "pilot" are predominantly underpowered diagnostic test accuracy studies.
  • There is a need for improved understanding and application of study design terminology in radiological research.
  • Authors, reviewers, and editors are urged to ensure accurate methodological descriptions for enhanced scientific credibility.