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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
Nandini Raghuraman1, Yang Wang1, Lieven A Schenk2
1Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Sciences University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Observing others receive pain relief can reduce your own pain through social learning. This study used EEG to show that observing pain relief activates anticipatory neural processes, influencing placebo effects.
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