Enhanced pro-inflammatory response and higher mortality rates in geriatric trauma patients

Age has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality after traumatic injury. Disregarding trauma-related factors, this may be caused by the diminished ability to cope with stressors due to limited reserve, the so-called frailty. Inflammation is assumed to promote frailty, and thus, pro-inflammatory markers may constitute as being predictive factors in geriatric trauma patients (TP). Here, we analyzed the influence of age on systemic inflammatory markers and outcome parameters in TP.

204 TP with injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 were included and grouped to younger vs. geriatric, defining an age of 65 as cut-off. ISS, vital signs, physiological parameters, stay at the intensive-care unit (ICU) or in-hospital, and outcome parameters were analyzed. Systemic fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 levels were determined upon admission. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

43 geriatric and 161 younger TP were included. ISS (24.19 ± 9.59 vs. 26.93 ± 9.68) was comparable between both groups. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 3 of head trauma was more prevalent in geriatric TP (74.42 vs. 64.59%). In both groups, there were significantly more male than female patients; however, this disparity was significantly more distinct in younger TP. Geriatric group showed significantly lower shock indices, higher fibrinogen, and lower IL-10 levels (all p < 0.05). A significant spearman´s rank correlation with age was found for fibrinogen (positive correlation, r = 0.364, p < 0.05), and for IL-10 (negative correlation, r = - 0.168, p < 0.05). In-hospital mortality was significantly increased in geriatric TP.

An enhanced inflammatory response is associated with higher mortality rates in geriatric trauma patients.