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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Cell Wall01:22

Bacterial Cell Wall

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The bacterial cell wall is an essential structural component that encases the plasma membrane, preserving cellular integrity, determining shape, and protecting against osmotic stress. This rigid yet flexible structure primarily comprises peptidoglycan, a polymer that forms a mesh-like matrix conferring mechanical strength and flexibility.Peptidoglycan Composition and StructurePeptidoglycan, the core of the bacterial cell wall, comprises alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and...
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Plant Cell Wall02:43

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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
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Plant Cell Wall01:07

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Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
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Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules01:10

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Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...
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Archaeal Cell Wall01:29

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Archaeal cell walls are structurally and compositionally distinct from their bacterial counterparts, lacking the characteristic peptidoglycan layer found in most bacteria. Instead, archaeal cell walls exhibit remarkable diversity, utilizing materials such as pseudomurein, polysaccharides, and proteins to construct their protective outer layers. This structural flexibility is closely tied to archaea's ecological adaptability.S-Layers: The Common Archaeal Cell WallThe S-layer is the most...
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Overview of Fungi01:29

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Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
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Application of Membrane and Cell Wall Selective Fluorescent Dyes for Live-Cell Imaging of Filamentous Fungi
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Application of Membrane and Cell Wall Selective Fluorescent Dyes for Live-Cell Imaging of Filamentous Fungi

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Cell Wall-Modifying Antifungal Drugs.

David S Perlin1

  • 1Center for Discovery and Innovation, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, 07110, USA. david.perlin@hmh-CDI.org.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|December 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Antifungal drug development is exploring the fungal cell wall as a novel target. New therapies inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis show promise for treating invasive fungal diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Invasive fungal diseases pose significant treatment challenges due to limited therapeutic options and emerging drug resistance.
  • Current antifungal agents have drawbacks, necessitating the development of novel drugs with improved safety and efficacy profiles.
  • Ideal antifungal therapies target fungal-specific pathways to minimize host toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the fungal cell wall as a promising target for developing new antifungal therapies.
  • To review current and emerging antifungal drugs that target cell wall biosynthesis.
  • To emphasize the potential of cell wall-active agents in addressing unmet needs in antifungal treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on antifungal drug targets and mechanisms of action.
Keywords:
ChitinEchinocandinEnfumafunginGPI anchorGlucan

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  • Analysis of approved and investigational antifungal agents focusing on cell wall-targeting drugs.
  • Discussion of the rationale for targeting fungal cell wall biosynthesis pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • The fungal cell wall is essential for fungal survival and contains unique biosynthetic enzymes, making it an attractive drug target.
    • Approved echinocandins targeting β-1,3-glucan synthase demonstrate the efficacy of cell wall-active antifungals.
    • Emerging drugs include next-generation glucan synthase inhibitors, Gwt1 inhibitors, and chitin synthesis inhibitors.

    Conclusions:

    • The fungal cell wall represents a rich source of targets for next-generation antifungal drug discovery.
    • Targeting cell wall biosynthesis pathways offers a validated strategy for developing safe and effective antifungal agents.
    • Continued research into cell wall-active compounds is crucial for combating invasive fungal infections.