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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

Bidirectional communication between neural and immune systems.

Daisuke Kamimura¹, Yuki Tanaka¹, Rie Hasebe²

¹Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

International Immunology

|December 26, 2019

Summary

Bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems is mediated by neural reflexes. These pathways, like the inflammatory reflex, influence immune status and inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:

NF-κB chemokines experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis gateway reflex neuroimmunology

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Physiology

Background:

The immune and nervous systems exhibit shared molecular features facilitating bidirectional communication.
Systemic regulators like the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and regional neural reflexes mediate neuro-immune interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding bidirectional neuro-immune interactions.
To highlight the role of neural reflexes in modulating immune system activity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent scientific publications.
Analysis of studies focusing on neural reflexes and their impact on immune function.

Main Results:

Neural reflexes, such as the inflammatory and gateway reflexes, significantly influence immune cell activation.
These reflexes can exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects, impacting disease states.
Immune cell activities, particularly during inflammation, can modulate neuronal functions through neural reflexes.

Conclusions:

Neural reflexes represent a key mechanism in the bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems.
Understanding these pathways is crucial for addressing inflammatory diseases and disorders.