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Small molecules for mesenchymal stem cell fate determination.

Yu-Hao Cheng1, Jing-Cheng Dong2, Qin Bian3

  • 1Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|December 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small molecules can guide mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to become bone, fat, or cartilage cells. This research reviews compounds and mechanisms for controlling MSC fate, offering insights into diseases and therapies.

Keywords:
Cell fate determinationMesenchymal stem cellMesenchymal stromal cellNatural compoundsSignaling pathwaysSmall molecules

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities.
  • MSC fate determination is crucial for bone and adipose tissue health, with dysregulation linked to diseases like osteoporosis and insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in utilizing small molecules to control MSC trilineage differentiation (osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic).
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying small molecule-mediated MSC fate determination.
  • To discuss small molecules in clinical trials for MSC-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on small molecules affecting MSC differentiation.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways (AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog) involved in MSC fate.
  • Identification of specific small molecules and their targets.

Main Results:

  • Several small molecules (e.g., genistein, isorhamnetin, atractylenolides) promote specific MSC lineages.
  • Mechanisms involve direct regulation, epigenetic, and post-translational modifications of signaling pathways.
  • Some small molecules are under investigation in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecule-driven manipulation of MSC lineage commitment provides therapeutic potential for bone and adipose tissue disorders.
  • Targeted approaches offer insights into bone marrow and adipose tissue regulation.
  • Further research into these small molecules could lead to novel treatments for MSC-related diseases.