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Earliness per se×temperature interaction: consequences on leaf, spikelet, and floret development in wheat.

Paula Prieto¹, Helga Ochagavía¹, Simon Griffiths²

¹Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|December 27, 2019

Summary

Earliness per se (Eps) genes in wheat influence flowering time and yield components. Their effects on fertile floret number are temperature-dependent, impacting wheat adaptation strategies.

Keywords:

Earliness per se (Eps)Triticum aestivum floret development phyllochron plastochron spikelet number

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Area of Science:

Plant genetics and breeding
Crop physiology
Agricultural science

Background:

Earliness per se (Eps) genes regulate wheat flowering time and yield components.
Previous research indicates Eps genes exhibit temperature sensitivity, contradicting assumptions of environmental independence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics of leaf, spikelet, and floret development in wheat near-isogenic lines with contrasting Eps-D1 alleles across diverse temperature regimes.
To elucidate the temperature-dependent effects of Eps alleles on key developmental phases and yield-related traits.

Main Methods:

Utilized near-isogenic lines differing in Eps-D1 alleles (early vs. late).
Exposed lines to seven distinct temperature regimes to monitor developmental responses.
Analyzed leaf appearance, phyllochron, spikelet development, and fertile floret number.

Main Results:

Leaf appearance dynamics were significantly modulated by temperature.
Eps alleles primarily influenced the flag leaf to heading period rather than phyllochron.
Fertile floret number exhibited a significant interaction with temperature, with early alleles favoring higher numbers at low temperatures (9°C) and late alleles at high temperatures (18°C).
Spikelet number per spike showed minor responses to Eps alleles, linked more to plastochron than reproductive phase duration.
Observed effects on fertile floret number were mediated by floret survival rates, not by changes in primordia number.

Conclusions:

Eps gene effects on wheat development, particularly fertile floret number, are strongly temperature-dependent.
Understanding these gene-environment interactions is crucial for optimizing wheat breeding strategies for diverse climatic conditions.
Floret survival, influenced by Eps alleles and temperature, is a key determinant of final yield potential in wheat.