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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Overview
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation
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CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation

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Is Gene Editing Patentable?

Lisa M Gehrke1

  • 1The founder and president of Gehrke & Associates, SC, an intellectual property law firm in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.

AMA Journal of Ethics
|December 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene editing patent law in the US is complex. This article explores patenting gene editing technologies, considering ethical and legal factors in the US patent system.

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Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • Intellectual Property Law
  • Bioethics and Public Policy

Background:

  • Gene editing technologies hold significant promise for medicine and agriculture.
  • Their application raises substantial ethical and public policy questions.
  • The World Health Organization has raised concerns regarding the permissibility of certain gene editing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the meaning of "patented" in the context of emerging technologies.
  • To provide an overview of the United States patent system.
  • To discuss the patentability of gene editing subject matter under US law and the influence of ethical considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of US patent law and examination processes.
  • Review of ethical guidelines and public policy discussions surrounding gene editing.
  • Examination of the scope of patentable subject matter.

Main Results:

  • The US Patent Office frequently grants patents for gene editing technologies.
  • Ethical, safety, and legal considerations play a role in the patent examination process.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding the extent to which gene editing should be patentable.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the US patent system is crucial for navigating gene editing technology.
  • The intersection of patent law, ethics, and public policy requires careful consideration.
  • Further discussion is needed to align patenting practices with societal values.