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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

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Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
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Equations of Wave Motion01:02

Equations of Wave Motion

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Mathematically, the motion of a wave can be studied using a wavefunction. Consider a string oscillating up and down in simple harmonic motion, having a period T. The wave on the string is sinusoidal and is translated in the positive x-direction as time progresses. Sine is a function of the angle θ, oscillating between +A and −A and repeating every 2π radians. To construct a wave model, the ratio of the angle θ and the position x is considered.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
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Published on: July 28, 2023

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Propagation dynamics of Janus vortex waves.

Wenlei Yu, Shuofeng Zhao, Peipei Jiang

    Optics Express
    |December 28, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Janus vortex waves form a perfect light hollow bottle when focused by a lens. Off-axis optical vortices rotate rapidly, with their angular displacement controlled by focusing parameters.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wave Propagation
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Janus vortex waves exhibit unique propagation characteristics.
    • Focusing optical beams can alter vortex dynamics.
    • Airy beams offer controllable focal properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the propagation dynamics of Janus vortex waves through a focusing lens.
    • Analyze the formation of light hollow bottles and vortex behavior.
    • Understand the control of focal properties and vortex interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the formula for focused circular vortex Airy beams.
    • Simulated and analyzed the beam propagation under lens action.
    • Examined the behavior of off-axis optical vortices (OVs) in focal regions.

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    An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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    Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
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    Main Results:

    • Two dark foci were generated, forming a perfect light hollow bottle.
    • Focal position and relative intensities were controllable via parameters.
    • Off-axis OVs rotated rapidly in focal regions, with angular displacement near π/2.
    • Identical OVs repelled, while opposite OVs attracted and annihilated.

    Conclusions:

    • Janus vortex waves can form controllable light hollow bottles.
    • Focusing lenses significantly influence optical vortex dynamics and interactions.
    • The study provides insights into manipulating vortex beams for optical applications.