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    This study introduces a new photonic quantization and encoding method using waveform folding and rectifier circuits. This approach achieves higher resolution with fewer Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) and relaxed voltage requirements, advancing photonic analog-to-digital conversion.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Taylor's scheme for photonic quantization requires impractical scaling of Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) half-wave voltages (Vπ) for high resolution.
    • Existing phase-shifting methods offer lower resolution than Taylor's scheme.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel photonic quantization and encoding scheme using waveform folding and rectifiers.
    • To achieve higher resolution with fewer MZMs and reduced Vπ scaling requirements.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a scheme employing waveform folding with rectifier circuits.
    • Implemented a proof-of-concept experiment to validate the approach.
    • Investigated the impact of rectifier bandwidth on system performance.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 4-bit quantization using only 2 MZMs with identical Vπ.
    • Demonstrated modular extendibility for 8-bit (4 MZMs) and 12-bit (6 MZMs) quantization.
    • Verified the correctness and feasibility of the proposed scheme through experimentation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed waveform folding scheme offers a promising solution for high-performance photonic analog-to-digital conversion.
    • Reduces the number of MZMs and the stringent Vπ scaling needed in previous methods.
    • Enables higher resolution quantization with practical photonic integrated circuits.