Size- and Charge-Dependent Optoelectronic Properties of CdSe Clusters: Evolution of the Optical Gap from Molecular to...

In the present work, the optical response of isolated (CdSe)⁺ clusters with n = 3-6 is probed by measuring the photodissociation cross section in the photon energy range ℏω = 1.9-4.9 eV. In this joint experimental and theoretical study, the experimental observations are analyzed with time-dependent density functional theory and equation-of-motion coupled cluster theory. Structural candidates for the time-dependent excited-state calculations are obtained via global optimization by employing a genetic algorithm. The combined experimental and theoretical approach allows the discrimination of cluster geometries in the molecular beam experiments. From n ≥ 5, three-dimensional structures are found. Already for n = 6, light absorption in the red spectral range is observed. This observation is discussed with respect to the size dependence of the optical behavior of finite systems taking experimental and theoretical work on bare and ligated CdSe clusters and nanoparticles into account. Particularly, the influence of the net charge and ligands is considered. This allows a detailed discussion of the size-dependent evolution of the optical properties starting from molecular species over to nanoclusters and nanoparticles and finally to bulk CdSe.