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Related Concept Videos

Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
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Pressure of Fluids01:14

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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

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In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific...
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Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

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In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
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Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Constant Width01:05

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Constant Width

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When a body is submerged in water, it experiences fluid pressure acting normal on its surface and distributed over its area. For better design structures, it is crucial to determine the magnitude and location of the resultant force acting on the surface. In the case of a rectangular plate of constant width submerged in water, the pressure increases with depth, resulting in a linearly varying trapezoidal pressure distribution from the upper to the lower edge of the plate.
The resultant force...
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Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

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When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces
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Microscale pressure measurements based on an immiscible fluid/fluid interface.

Jing Yang1,2, Xing Duan3, Andrew K Fraser3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.

Scientific Reports
|December 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed a new microscale pressure measurement technique using fluid interfaces. This method accurately measures hydraulic pressure in tiny biological samples, revealing pressure build-up in epithelial tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microfluidics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of hydraulic pressure at the microscale is crucial for understanding biological processes.
  • Existing methods often lack the precision or applicability for small biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method for microscale pressure measurement.
  • To demonstrate its application in biological systems, specifically in epithelial tissues and developing embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the curvature changes of an immiscible fluid/fluid interface to determine hydraulic pressure.
  • Applying the technique to measure pressure in epithelial domes, organoids, and embryonic lumens.

Main Results:

  • The method accurately measures pressure at the 10-micron scale.
  • Pressure build-up across epithelial barriers was quantified (100-300 Pa).
  • Ion channel activity was shown to modulate this pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed fluid interface method offers a precise tool for microscale hydraulic pressure sensing.
  • This technique provides new insights into pressure dynamics within micro-scale biological environments.
  • Findings highlight the role of ion channels in regulating pressure in epithelial tissues.