Phosphoprotein Biosensors for Monitoring Pathological Protein Structural Changes

Current biotechnological developments are driving a significant shift towards integrating proteomic analysis with landmark genomic, methylomic, and transcriptomic data to elucidate functional effects. For the majority of proteins, structure and function are closely intertwined. Post-translational protein modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) leading to aberrantly active structures can originate a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Analysis of protein structure variants is thus integral to the identification of clinically actionable targets and the design of novel disease diagnosis and therapy approaches. However, it is still challenging to interrogate subtle structural changes of proteins in a rapid and cost-effective manner with current tools. This review primarily compiles the latest biosensing techniques for protein structural analysis.