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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Live Imaging of the Ependymal Cilia in the Lateral Ventricles of the Mouse Brain
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Cilia-driven flows in the brain third ventricle.

Gregor Eichele1, Eberhard Bodenschatz2, Zuzana Ditte1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|December 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

Keywords:
cerebrospinal fluidextracellular vesiclesfluid dynamicshypothalamustanycytetranslational polarity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • The brain ventricles are cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • The choroid plexus produces CSF, which contains signaling molecules like cytokines and growth factors.
  • The ventricular walls are lined with motile cilia that drive fluid flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular and biochemical properties of the ventral third ventricle.
  • To discuss the role of cilia-driven CSF flow in signal transport.
  • To explore the physiological significance of these flows for the hypothalamus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cellular and biochemical properties.
  • Analysis of existing research on cilia-driven flows in the third ventricle.
  • Discussion of potential signaling pathways and targets.

Main Results:

  • The ventral third ventricle exhibits an intricate network of cilia-driven flows.
  • These flows are crucial for the directional transport of CSF-borne signals.
  • Signaling molecules are transported along ventricular walls by cilia.

Conclusions:

  • Cilia-driven CSF flow represents a dynamic mechanism for brain signal transmission.
  • This mechanism facilitates the targeted delivery of signals to hypothalamic cells.
  • Understanding these flows offers new insights into brain function and intercellular communication.