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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

4.5K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.0K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

4.8K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
4.8K
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

12.8K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
12.8K
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

252
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
252
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

4.5K
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
4.5K

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Global multivariate point pattern models for rain type occurrence.

Mikyoung Jun1, Courtney Schumacher2, R Saravanan2

  • 1Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University.

Spatial Statistics
|December 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel statistical methods for analyzing global satellite-observed rain types. It explores relationships between rainfall and atmospheric conditions using spherical log-Gaussian Cox Process models.

Keywords:
Global spatial dataLog-Gaussian Cox processPoint process modelsRainfall occurrenceTRMM precipitation radar

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Area of Science:

  • * Atmospheric Science
  • * Statistical Modeling
  • * Geospatial Analysis

Background:

  • * Understanding global rainfall patterns is crucial for climate studies.
  • * Existing point process models are often limited to planar domains, unsuitable for global-scale analysis.
  • * Satellite observations provide valuable data on diverse rain types and their characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop and apply advanced statistical methods for studying multiple rain types on a global scale.
  • * To investigate the relationships between rainfall occurrence and atmospheric variables.
  • * To analyze the dependencies between different rain types and cloud heights.

Main Methods:

  • * Application of log-Gaussian Cox Process (LGCP) models on a spherical domain.
  • * Utilization of cross-covariance models for global spatial processes.
  • * Employing Monte Carlo likelihood approximation and covariance approximation for statistical inference with large datasets.

Main Results:

  • * Analysis of rainfall data from the TRMM satellite and atmospheric data from MERRA-2 reanalysis.
  • * Focus on tropical Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean regions, and broader tropical/subtropical oceans.
  • * Demonstrated feasibility of spherical LGCP models for global rainfall analysis.

Conclusions:

  • * The developed statistical framework effectively models global rain type occurrences and their atmospheric drivers.
  • * Spherical LGCP models offer a robust approach for analyzing spatial processes on a planetary scale.
  • * Findings contribute to a better understanding of global precipitation dynamics and climate interactions.