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Related Concept Videos

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Relationship between scapular initial position and scapular movement during dynamic motions.

Jun Umehara1,2, Masahide Yagi1, Tetsuya Hirono1,2

  • 1Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Plos One
|December 31, 2019
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Summary

This study found that the initial position of the scapula (shoulder blade) is significantly related to its movement during arm elevation in healthy men. Understanding this scapular positioning is key for shoulder rehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Optimal scapular positioning and movement are crucial for normal shoulder joint function.
  • Scapular focus is essential in the rehabilitation of shoulder disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the initial scapular position and its subsequent movement during dynamic shoulder motions in healthy young men.
  • To understand how scapular starting position influences scapular kinematics during arm flexion and abduction.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-four healthy young men participated in the study.
  • An electromagnetic tracking device was used to measure scapular angles (initial position, elevation, lowering) during arm flexion and abduction (30° to 120°).
  • Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were employed to analyze the relationships.

Main Results:

  • Significant positive correlations were observed between the initial scapular position and scapular upward rotation and posterior tilt during dynamic movements.
  • Internal rotation showed significant positive correlations, with exceptions at specific angles and phases.
  • Correlation coefficients generally decreased as humeral elevation increased.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the interactions between initial scapular position and scapular movement during dynamic shoulder actions in healthy young men.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering the baseline scapular position for understanding shoulder complex biomechanics.
  • A tendency for decreased correlation with increasing elevation angle was noted, particularly for internal rotation.