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Anatomic Variability of the Human Orbit.

Rahul Tandon1, Lior Aljadeff2, Sheng Ji3

  • 1Chief Resident, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern/Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, TX.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|December 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The average normal asymmetry between right and left orbital volumes is 0.8 mL. This asymmetry is significant, as 14-21% of skulls show differences of 1.0-1.5 mL, impacting orbital reconstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Reconstruction

Background:

  • Orbital volume and asymmetry are critical considerations in managing traumatic orbital injuries.
  • Restoring orbital volume is essential for successful outcomes in some trauma cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess average bony orbit volume, volume range, and inter-orbital discrepancies in a cadaveric population.
  • To determine the prevalence of significant orbital volume differences (1.0-1.5 mL) between right and left orbits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 121 cadaveric skulls (242 orbits) for analysis.
  • Employed alginate impressions and volume displacement to measure orbital volumes accurately.
  • Ensured internal orbital structures were protected using seal-press wrap during impression taking.

Main Results:

  • Average orbital volumes were 26.75 mL (right) and 26.65 mL (left), with a mean asymmetry of 0.8 mL.
  • Orbital volume differences ranged from 0.02 to 3.64 mL, with a methodologic error below 1.05%.
  • Approximately 14% and 21% of skulls exhibited volume differences of ≥1.5 mL and ≥1.0 mL, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Normal orbital volume asymmetry averages 0.8 mL, representing 50-80% of the volume increase seen in traumatic enophthalmos.
  • A significant percentage of individuals (14-21%) display orbital volume asymmetries that may require consideration during surgical repair.
  • Findings provide crucial data for surgeons reconstructing traumatized orbits, emphasizing the utility of contralateral orbit CT scans.