Hyperspectral imaging technology combined with deep forest model to identify frost-damaged rice seeds

In recent years, deep learning models have been widely used in the field of hyperspectral imaging. However, the training of deep learning models requires not only a large number of samples, but also the need to set too many hyper-parameters, which is time consuming and laborious for researchers. This study used hyperspectral imaging technology combined with a deep learning model suitable for small-scale sample data sets, deep forests (DF) model, to classify rice seeds with different degrees of frost damage. During the period, three spectral preprocessing methods (Savitzky-Golay first derivative (SG1), standard normal variate (SNV), and multivariate scatter correction (MSC)) were used to process the original spectral data, and three feature extraction algorithms (principal component analysis (PCA), successive projections algorithm (SPA), and neighborhood component analysis (NCA)) were used to extract the characteristic wavelengths. Moreover, DF model and three traditional machine learning models (decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM)) were built based on different numbers of sample sets. After multivariate data analysis, it showed that the pretreatment effect of MSC was the most excellent, and the characteristic wavelength extracted by NCA algorithm was the most useful. In addition, the performance of DF model was better than these three traditional classifier models, and it still performed well in small-scale sample set data. Therefore, DF model was chosen as the best classification model. The results of this study show that the DF model maintains good classification performance in small-scale sample set data, and it has a good application prospect in hyperspectral imaging technology.