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Cationic quaternized chitosan bioconjugates with aggregation-induced emission features for cell imaging.

Fenghui Qiao1, Jiahan Ke2, Yalan Liu1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

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Summary

Researchers developed a novel fluorescent bioprobe using aggregation-induced emission (AIE) technology. This new probe, tetraphenylethylene-labeled quaternized chitosan (TPE-QCS), offers bright, stable cell imaging and ultra-long-term tracing capabilities for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
Aggregation-induced emissionLong-term cellular tracingQuaternized chitosanWater-soluble

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Conventional fluorescent dyes suffer from aggregation-caused quenching, toxicity, and poor solubility, limiting their use in biological imaging.
  • There is a critical need for advanced fluorescent bioprobes that overcome these limitations for effective monitoring of biological events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE) bioconjugate for enhanced cellular imaging.
  • To evaluate the potential of the synthesized bioconjugate as an ultra-long-term cellular tracer in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a bioconjugate by labeling tetraphenylethylene (TPE) with quaternized chitosan (QCS).
  • Characterization of the TPE-QCS bioconjugate for fluorescence properties, water-solubility, and cationic nature.
  • In vitro evaluation of TPE-QCS for cell staining, imaging of living cells, and assessment of cellular uptake via endocytosis.
  • Long-term cell tracing experiments to evaluate the stability and efficacy of TPE-QCS compared to commercial tracers.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized TPE-QCS bioconjugate exhibited strong fluorescence in the solid state and was water-soluble across a wide pH range.
  • TPE-QCS effectively stained HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, enabling bright fluorescence imaging of living cells.
  • The cationic nature of TPE-QCS facilitated endocytosis, leading to aggregation and adherence to intracellular organelle membranes, enhancing fluorescence and preventing leakage.
  • TPE-QCS demonstrated superior ultra-long-term tracing of HeLa cells for up to 23 passages, outperforming existing commercial cellular tracers.

Conclusions:

  • The AIE-active TPE-QCS bioconjugate possesses desirable properties including cationic nature, broad pH water-solubility, and enhanced fluorescence for cell imaging.
  • TPE-QCS shows significant potential as an ultra-long-term tracer in the biomedical field due to its superior performance and leakage-free staining capabilities.