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Serum selenium level and cancer risk: a nested case-control study.

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Low selenium levels in Polish women are linked to increased cancer risk. The optimal serum selenium range for women in Poland appears to be 70-90 μg/L, based on this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Epidemiologic studies suggest a link between selenium status and cancer risk, particularly at low selenium levels.
  • This study focuses on women in a region with inherently low selenium levels to prospectively assess this relationship.
  • Understanding selenium's role in cancer prevention is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate the association between serum selenium levels and cancer risk in women residing in a low-selenium region of Poland.
  • To identify an optimal serum selenium concentration range for cancer risk reduction in this population.
  • To contribute to the understanding of selenium's role in cancer etiology.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study was conducted using data and biological samples from 19,573 women participants in a biobanking initiative (2010-2014) in Szczecin, Poland.
  • Incident cancer cases (n=97) were identified, and controls (n=184) were selected from women with no cancer at baseline or follow-up.
  • Serum selenium levels were quantified using mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Women with serum selenium levels below 70.0 μg/L had a significantly increased odds ratio of 2.29 (95% CI 1.26-4.19; P=0.007) for cancer compared to those above this level.
  • The risk for women in the two middle selenium categories (70-90 μg/L) was similar, suggesting this range as potentially optimal.
  • An increased cancer risk was observed in the highest selenium category (>90 μg/L), but this did not reach statistical significance (OR=1.63; P=0.31).

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that the optimal serum selenium level for women in Poland, a region with low selenium status, is likely between 70 μg/L and 90 μg/L.
  • Maintaining serum selenium levels within this range may be important for reducing cancer risk in this population.
  • Further research could explore the efficacy of selenium supplementation strategies to achieve these optimal levels.