Chilaiditi's Sign: A Case Report

Chilaiditi's sign refers to the interposition of the colon (usually the transverse colon) between the diaphragm and the liver. When associated with abdominal pain it is referred to as Chilaiditi's syndrome. Chilaiditi's sign is rare entity with an estimated incidence of 0.025 to 0.28% worldwide. The sign occurs more frequently in males, with a male to female ratio of 4:1. Apparent pneumoperitoneum seen on imaging below the right hemidiaphragm, a life-threatening condition, may in fact be merely Chilaiditi's sign. Awareness of this phenomenon and its consideration as a differential diagnosis is essential to prevent unnecessary laparoscopic intervention. Here we present a case of a 74-year-old male who was incidentally found to have free air under the diaphragm without symptoms of abdominal pain. After further evaluation by the radiologists and surgeons it was concluded that he had Chilaiditi's sign and no further intervention was required. However, due to the lack of awareness of this radiographic finding patients can be subjected to unnecessary surgical intervention.