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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

133
Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

7.2K
The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

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Body Composition During Pregnancy Differs by Obesity Class.

Jasper Most1, Abby D Altazan1, Daniel S Hsia1

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|January 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women varies by obesity class and trimester. Women with class 3 obesity experienced less fat mass gain, suggesting potential preventability in the second trimester.

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The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Obesity Medicine
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Obesity in pregnancy presents unique challenges for maternal and fetal health.
  • Understanding body composition changes during pregnancy is crucial for managing gestational weight gain.
  • Existing research often lacks detailed trimester-specific analysis of body composition in women with obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and analyze changes in body composition throughout pregnancy in women diagnosed with obesity.
  • To investigate the influence of obesity class (1, 2, and 3) on gestational weight gain and body composition.
  • To determine the relationship between gestational weight gain, body composition, and metabolic markers.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 54 healthy pregnant women with obesity (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m² and ≥40.0 kg/m²).
  • Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography, stable isotopes, and skinfold measurements at three trimesters.
  • Fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin levels were measured to assess metabolic status.

Main Results:

  • Fat-free mass gain was significantly lower in the second trimester compared to the third (2.7±0.2 kg vs. 5.3±0.2 kg).
  • Fat mass accumulation declined over pregnancy, with women in obesity classes 1 and 2 gaining 1.1±0.7 kg, while class 3 lost 4.1±0.6 kg.
  • Higher gestational weight gain correlated positively with increased insulin, leptin, and insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational weight gain patterns differ significantly based on obesity class and gestational trimester.
  • Women with class 3 obesity exhibit reduced body weight and fat mass gain during pregnancy.
  • Intervention to manage fat mass gain may be most effective during the second trimester of pregnancy.